An Introduction to Robotics Technology
An Introduction to Robotics Technology
The word "Robot" originates from the Czech word for forced labour. A Robot is a mechanical device that can perform tasks automatically. The current mechanical robots of popular culture are not much different from these fictional biological creations. Basically a robot consists of:- A mechanical device, such as a wheeled platform, arm, or other construction, capable of interacting with its environment.  A Robot need to follow three laws of robotics which are formed by Father of Robotics ‘Isaac Asimov’ 
Sensors on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device. Systems that process sensory input in the context of the device's current situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the situation. In the manufacturing field, robot development has focused on engineering robotic arms that perform manufacturing processes. Safety - Robotics have been developed to handle nuclear and radioactive chemicals for many different uses including nuclear weapons, power plants, environmental cleanup, and the processing of certain drugs. A variety of electric motors provide power to robots, allowing them to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices with various programmed motions. Gears and chains are mechanical platforms that provide a strong and accurate way to transmit rotary motion from one place to another, possibly changing it along the way. The speed change between two gears depends upon the number of teeth on each gear. When a powered gear goes through a full rotation, it pulls the chain by the number of teeth on that gear. Pulleys and belts, two other types of mechanical platforms used in robots, work the same way as gears and chains. Power supplies are generally provided by two types of battery. Primary batteries are used once and then discarded, secondary batteries operate from a reversible chemical reaction and can be recharged several times. There are two major hardware platforms in a robot. The mechanical platform of unregulated voltages, power and back-EMF spikes, and the electronic platform of clean power and 5-volt signals. Robots react according to a basic temporal measurement, requiring different kinds of sensors. In most systems a sense of time is built in through the circuits and programming. A sensor receives energy and transmits a signal to a display or computer. Sensors use transducers to change the input signal (sound, light, pressure, temperature, etc.) into an analog or digital form capable of being used by a robot. We have Logical Sensors, Proprioceptive Sensors, Proximity Sensors and Infrared (IR) Sensors etc. Microcontrollers (MCUs) are intelligent electronic devices used inside robots. They deliver functions similar to those performed by a microprocessor (central processing unit, or CPU) inside a personal computer. There are four basic aspects of a microcontroller - speed, size, memory, and other. Animatronics systems are robotic systems which mimic and look like humans. An android is an anthropomorphic robot - in other words, a robot that looks like a human. OROCOS (Open ROBOT CONTROL Software) is an effort to start up an open source robot control software project. Pneumatics is the name for fluid power used in a large number of commercial robots. To live among people, robots need to handle complex social tasks. Robots are used in Industries, military, serving, welding, painting, drilling, sanding, cutting, and moving tasks. At present there are about 250,000 robots in use throughout the world. About 65 percent of these are located in Japan. The United States, the second-largest user of robots, has about 14 percent. Advantages of robots:
By
Ch.Krishna Kanth10H71A0217 |
Categories:
TECHNICAL ARTICLES(session-1)
